Homophobia is a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). Definitions refer variably to antipathy, contempt, prejudice, aversion, and irrational fear.[1][2][3] In a 1998 address, author, activist, and civil rights leader Coretta Scott King stated that "Homophobia is like racism and anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry in that it seeks to dehumanize a large group of people, to deny their humanity, their dignity and personhood."[4]
Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior such as discrimination and violence on the basis of non-heterosexual orientations.[1][2] According to the 2010 Hate Crimes Statistics released by the FBI National Press Office, 19.3 percent of Hate Crimes across the United States "were motivated by a sexual orientation bias."[5] Moreover, in a Southern Poverty Law Center 2010 Intelligence Report extrapolating data from fourteen years (1995-2008), which had complete data available at the time, of the FBI's national hate crime statistics found that LGBT people were " far more likely than any other minority group in the United States to be victimized by violent hate crime."[6]
Forms of homophobia vary on where they come from and where they are directed. Institutionalized homophobia (e.g. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia)[7] comes from a culture, whereas internalized homophobia – a form of homophobia experienced by a person who has same-sex attractions, regardless how they identify, focusses on the internal regardless where the feelings and attitudes came from. Other related forms of homophobia are lesbophobia[8] – the intersection of homophobia and sexism directed against lesbians, and biphobia directed at bisexual people. Transphobia is a range of negative attitudes and feelings towards transsexualism and transsexual or transgender people, based on the expression of their internal gender identity . Many trans people also experience homophobia from people who associate their gender identity with homosexuality.